Can I purchase gun parts or kits from a gun shop?

For firearms enthusiasts, the ability to customize and maintain their firearms is a significant part of the hobby. A common question we hear is, "Can I purchase gun parts or kits from a gun shop?" The short answer is yes, in most cases, but with important distinctions and legal considerations that every responsible owner must understand. This guide will clarify what you can typically expect to find and the rules that apply.

Understanding the Types of Parts and Kits

Gun shops typically stock a wide array of components, which fall into two broad categories: non-regulated parts and regulated components. The classification depends entirely on the part's function and how it is defined under federal law, specifically by the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF).

• Non-Regulated Parts: The vast majority of components are simply considered parts. This includes items like stocks, grips, handguards, most triggers, springs, pins, barrels for most rifles and shotguns (over 16" and 18" respectively), and optics. These items can be purchased over the counter by anyone of legal age, with no background check required.
• Regulated Components (Firearms): A critical point of confusion surrounds frames and receivers. Under federal law, the part of a firearm that provides housing for the hammer, bolt or breechblock, and firing mechanism is legally defined as the firearm itself. For an AR-15, this is the lower receiver. For a pistol, it is the frame. These items are serialized and treated identically to a complete firearm.

The Reality of "80% Kits" and Receiver Blanks

You may have heard about "80% receivers" or "receiver blanks." These are items that have not yet reached a stage of manufacture to be classified as a firearm by the ATF. Historically, these could be purchased without a background check. However, it is crucial to understand that the regulatory landscape has changed significantly. As of August 2022, the ATF's "Frame or Receiver" Final Rule redefined many of these items. What was once an "80% lower" may now be considered a federally regulated firearm. Reputable gun shops will only sell items that are clearly unserialized and unregulated under current, formal ATF guidance, or they will process them as serialized firearms with a background check. We strongly encourage you to verify the current status of any such item with your dealer and to review the latest ATF rules.

Purchasing a Regulated Frame or Receiver

If you wish to purchase a serialized frame or receiver (the legally regulated part) from a gun shop, you will undergo the exact same process as buying a complete firearm. This includes:

1. Completing ATF Form 4473.
2. Passing an instant background check (NICS) conducted by the Federal Firearms Licensee (FFL).
3. Complying with all applicable state and local laws, which may include waiting periods or additional requirements.

The same age restrictions apply: 21 for a handgun frame/receiver and 18 for a rifle or shotgun receiver.

Building a Firearm: Legal Responsibilities

Purchasing parts with the intent to assemble a firearm is a popular and legal activity for personal use, but it carries serious legal responsibilities. It is legal for an individual to manufacture a firearm for personal use without an FFL, provided it is not for sale or distribution and the person is not otherwise prohibited from possessing a firearm. However, you must be aware that:

• The firearm you build must comply with all National Firearms Act (NFA) regulations concerning barrel length, overall length, and other features.
• You cannot manufacture a firearm with the intent to sell it without the proper licensing.
• State and local laws vary dramatically. Some jurisdictions prohibit the assembly of certain firearms, require serialization of homemade firearms, or have bans on specific configurations. It is your responsibility to know and follow the laws in your city, county, and state.

We cannot provide legal advice. You must consult official ATF publications, state attorney general websites, or qualified legal counsel to ensure full compliance.

How Your Local Gun Shop Can Help

A reputable gun shop is your best resource. Our role is to provide you with the correct, compliant parts and the knowledge to use them safely. We can:

• Identify which parts are regulated and require a transfer.
• Provide guidance on compatible components for your build.
• Offer gunsmithing services or recommend qualified professionals for complex assembly work.
• Direct you to training resources for safe handling and operation of your firearm.

In summary, gun shops are a primary source for both common parts and regulated receivers. The process is straightforward for most components, but requires due diligence for items that constitute a firearm. Always prioritize understanding the federal, state, and local laws that govern firearm possession and manufacture, and never hesitate to ask your FFL for clarification on a specific part or process. Responsible ownership begins with informed purchasing.